Die 10 wichtigsten Englisch Grammatikregeln
1. Gegenwart
Simple Present:
Das Simple Present verwendet man, um Zustände zu beschreiben, die man nicht plant zu verändern, die sich wiederholen, Aussagen mit allgemeiner Gültigkeit oder Handlungen, die in der Gegenwart aufeinanderfolgen:
- I live in Frankfurt.
- I go to work at 8 o'clock every day.
- When you go to school, you learn, you do your homework, and you play with your friends.
- The train departs every 15 minutes.
Schlagwörter: Adverbien, die eine Häufigkeit oder Wiederholung einleiten: always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, every day...
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He, She, It - 's' muss mit!
Im Simple Present wird in der 3.Person Singluar he,she,it ein s angehängt:
• He works at the gym.
Bei Verben, die auf -o,-s,-sh,-ch,-z oder -x enden, wird ein es angehängt:
• She watches TV every day.
- Do you have a question?
- I don't eat meat.
- Does he need help?
Present Progressive:
- I’m still paying off the loan from school.
- He is waiting on the bus.
- I’m working at the pharmacy in my holidays.
2. Perfekt
Present Perfect:
- She has never played tennis.
- You have already packed your suitcase.
- I have just made an appointment at the doctor’s.
Past Perfect:
- My brother ate (Simple Past) my cake which we had baked (Past Perfect) before.
- She was late (Simple Past), because her car had broken (Past Perfect) down.
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3. Vergangenheit
Simple Past:
- I went to the doctor last week.
- I finished school 2018.
- I was in summer school last year.
- Das y von Verben, die mit -y enden, wird zu einem -i: hurry → hurried
- Verben mit Endungen wie t oder l werden verdoppelt: travel → travelled, admit → admitted
- Verben, die mit –e enden erhalten nur ein –d: dance → danced
Past Pogressive:
- I was watching TV.
- He was watching soccer while his mother was cooking.
- When I was riding my bike someone hit me with their car.
4. Zukunft
Will future:
- I promise, I will visit you soon.
- We think he will ask her out.
Going to:
- Next week I’m going to see my mum.
- Look at the clouds, it is going to rain soon.
Simple Present:
- His birthday falls on a sunday next year, right?
- The bus arrives at 5pm tomorrow.
- The bar opens at 6pm tonight.
- Her test is at 8am next monday.
Present Progressive -"Present Continuous"
- She is getting married next year.
- We are meeting up with some friends when we get to London.
- I'm spending Christmas with my parents.
5. For oder Since?
For – Zeitraum Mein Bruder ist seit zwei Jahren Lehrer:
- My brother has been a teacher for 2 years.
- My brother has been playing tennis for 4 hours.
- My brother has been a teacher since 2007.
- My brother has been playing tennis since 4 o'clock.
For: for a long time, for six days, for a couple of minutes, for a few hours
Since: since 2007, since Monday, since 2 o’clock, since he left, since they met, since we started studying
6. Much oder Many?
- How much food is in the fridge?
- How much money do you have in your pocket?
- How many friends are invited to the party?
- How many books did you read last year?
7. Some oder Any?
Some wird in positiven Sätzen, Bitten und Fragen (Achtung Ausnahmen!) verwendet:
- Would you like some wine?
- Could you give me some money?
- I bought some food for you.
- I don’t want to go anywhere else.
- I didn’t buy anything.
- Is there any fruit left?
- My mum is always preparing dinner without any help
- I want to go out with someone
- I want to kiss somebody from work
8. If und nicht When
- If you buy me cheese, I will give you money.
- Will you marry me if I buy you flowers?
- If I pass the test, I will celebrate.
- My mum will bake my birthday cake, if my boyfriend can’t make it.
- If I passed the test, I would celebrate.
- If I knew the answer, I would write them down.
- I would travel around the world, if I had money.
- What would you do if you had more time?
- If I had practiced more, I would have passed the test.
- We would have travelled the world if we had saved more money.
- What would have happened if you had more money in the past?
Zusammenfassung:
Form 1: Simple Present - Will future
Form 2: Simple past - Conditional 1 (would + infinitive)
Form 3: Past perfect - Conditional 2 (would + have + 3. Verbform)
9. Gerundium
- Dancing on the table is fun.
- He loves playing soccer.
- Smoking is not allowed.
10. Who, Which, Whose
Wann verwendet man welches Relatativpronomen?
Who wird immer im Zusammenhang mit Personen verwendet:
- The women who stole my phone was wearing a yellow shirt.
Which verwendet man immer im Zusammenhang mit Tieren oder Dingen:
- The dog which ran away last week was found.
Whose stellt den Zusammenhang von einer Person und einer Sache her
- The women whose dog ran away was very sad.
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